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1.
Rev. habanera cienc. méd ; 20(4): e3810, 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1289619

ABSTRACT

Introducción: la extracción del cristalino transparente en pacientes con cierre angular primario se plantea si existe presión intraocular mayor o igual que 30 mm Hg o daño por glaucoma. En ojos con elevación moderada de la presión intraocular se desconocen los resultados. Objetivo: evaluar la influencia de la presión intraocular preoperatoria en el control del cierre angular primario tratado con extracción del cristalino transparente. Material y Métodos: se realizó un estudio pre-experimental, entre enero de 2013 y enero de 2020, incluyó 78 ojos de 78 pacientes con cierre angular primario tratados con extracción del cristalino transparente; divididos en dos grupos según presión intraocular preoperatoria. Para el análisis estadístico se empleó chi cuadrado de independencia, probabilidad exacta de Fisher, prueba t para muestras independientes y análisis de varianza de medidas repetidas; con significación estadística del 95 por ciento. Resultados: hubo diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos para longitud axial (p=0,003), grosor del cristalino (p<0,001) y espesor corneal central (p=0,016). La presión intraocular y número de colirios, variaron de forma muy significativa (p<0,001) entre el pre y posoperatorio, y entre ambos grupos en los diferentes momentos analizados. En el grupo A el 94,4 por ciento de los ojos mostró control absoluto posoperatorio invariable en el tiempo, en el grupo B la mayoría de los ojos tuvo control relativo con diferencias muy significativas (p<0,001) entre ambos. Conclusiones: la presión intraocular preoperatoria influye en el control del cierre angular primario tratado con extracción del cristalino transparente; valores previos menores que 30 mm Hg, propician mejor control posoperatorio(AU)


Introduction: Clear lens extraction is considered in patients older than 50 years with primary angle closure and intraocular pressure greater than or equal to 30 mm Hg or damage due to glaucoma. The results are unknown in eyes with a moderate elevation of intraocular pressure. Objective: To evaluate the influence of preoperative intraocular pressure in the control of the primary angle closure treated with clear lens extraction. Material and Methods: A pre-experimental study was conducted between January 2013 and January 2020. It included a total of 78 eyes of 78 patients with primary angle closure treated with clear lens extraction. They were divided into two groups according to preoperative intraocular pressure. For statistical analysis, Chi-square test, Fisher's exact probability test, and t test were used for independent samples and analysis of variance with repeated measurements; with 95 percent statistical significance. Results: There were significant differences in axial length (p=0,003), lens thickness (p<0,001) and central corneal thickness (p=0,016) between both groups. Intraocular pressure and the number of eye drops varied very significantly (p<0,001) between the pre-and postoperative periods and between both groups at the different moments analyzed. In group A, 94,4 percent of the eyes showed absolute postoperative control, which remained unchanged over time. In group B, most eyes had relative control. There were very significant differences (p<0,001) between both groups. Conclusions: Preoperative intraocular pressure influences the control of primary angle closure treated with clear lens extraction; previous values less than 30 mm Hg favor better postoperative control(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Glaucoma/prevention & control , Intraocular Pressure , Intraocular Pressure/physiology , Lens, Crystalline , Postoperative Period
2.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 80(5): e0031, 2021. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1341159

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar o conhecimento da população sobre o glaucoma. Métodos Foi realizado um estudo transversal, descritivo, não controlado, cujo instrumento de coleta de dados foi um questionário contendo perguntas sobre o perfil sociodemográfico e o glaucoma, aplicado em indivíduos, antes e depois da apresentação de vídeo educacional sobre o glaucoma, em Fortaleza (CE), que decidiram participar espontaneamente de uma campanha de prevenção ao glaucoma. Resultados Foram coletados 153 questionários, dentre os quais 130 foram considerados elegíveis, incluindo 65 antes da realização de vídeo educativo e 65 após. Antes e após o vídeo educativo, 80% e 7%, respectivamente, acreditavam que glaucoma não era mais comum em afro-americanos. As questões abordadas eram semelhantes a outras consolidadas na literatura, com o intuito de avaliar o grau de conhecimento dos participantes. Conclusão Foi possível observar um aumento no número de acertos após apresentação de material educativo.


ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the population awareness of glaucoma. Methods A cross-sectional, descriptive, non-controlled study, using a questionnaire to collect data. The questions addressed sociodemographic profile and glaucoma, and were asked to individuals, before and after the presentation of an educational video on glaucoma. It was conducted in the city of Fortaleza (CE) and the respondents spontaneously decided to participate in a glaucoma prevention campaign. Results A total of 153 questionnaires were collected; in that, 130 were considered eligible, including 65 answered before and 65 after the presentation of the educational video. Before and after the educational video, 80% and 7%, respectively, believed glaucoma was not more common in African Americans. The questions addressed were similar to others already consolidated in the literature, aiming to assess level of knowledge of participants. Conclusion An increase in number of correct answers was observed after presentation of the educational material.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Primary Prevention , Glaucoma/prevention & control , Blindness/prevention & control , Health Education , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires
4.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 79(1): 33-36, Jan.-Feb. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-771904

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of prostaglandin analogs on blood flow in the ophthalmic artery of clinically healthy rabbits. Methods: Fifty-five clinically healthy New Zealand white rabbits were divided into six groups, and the left eyes were treated for four weeks with the preservative benzalkonium chloride (BAK) only or a topical formulation of different prostaglandin analogs (bimatoprost BAK, tafluprost BAK-free, travoprost BAK, travoprost POLYQUAD, and latanoprost BAK). Color Doppler imaging was performed before and after the treatments. The mean values of the peak systolic velocity (PSV) and end diastolic velocity and the resistive index (RI) were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the differences pre- and post-treatment for each drug and post-treatment among the drugs. Results: The prostaglandin analogs did not affect PSV. Bimatoprost BAK, travoprost POLYQUAD, and latanoprost BAK did not change RI. Tafluprost BAK-free and travoprost BAK therapy resulted in similar reductions in RI. No significant differences pre- and post-treatment were found when BAK was administered alone. Conclusion: The prostaglandin analogs tafluprost BAK-free and travoprost BAK improved blood flow in the ophthalmic artery in healthy New Zealand white rabbits, which suggests that these drugs enhance the prevention of the progression the progression of glaucoma.


RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos dos análogos da prostaglandina (PGAs) no fluxo sanguíneo da artéria oftálmica em coelhos. Métodos: Cinquenta e cinco coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia clinicamente saudáveis foram divididos em seis grupos para tratamento com formulação tópica de diferentes APGs (bimatoprosta BAK, tafluprosta BAK-free, travoprosta BAK, travoprosta POLYQUAD e latanoprosta BAK) e formulações contendo apenas o conservante cloreto de benzalcônio (BAK). Foi realizada ultrassonografia com Doppler antes e após os tratamentos. Os valores do pico da velocidade sistólica (PSV) e da velocidade diastólica final foram obtidos e o índice de resistência (RI) foi então calculado. A análise estatística foi realizada para comparar as diferenças entre cada droga no pré e pós-tratamento, além das diferenças no pós-tratamento entre as drogas. Resultados: Estes colírios PGAs não afetaram o PSV. A bimatoprosta com o conservante BAK, travoprosta com o conservante POLYQUAD e latanoprosta com o conservante BAK não alteraram o RI. Já o tratamento com tafluprosta sem conservante (BAK-free) e travoprosta com o conservante BAK promoveram redução similar dos valores do RI. Não houve diferença significativa na comparação entre valores pré e pós-tratamento quando BAK foi administrado isoladamente. Conclusão: Os PGAs tafluprosta BAK-free e travoprosta BAK melhoraram o fluxo sanguíneo na artéria oftálmica em coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia sugerindo que estes medicamentos possam contribuir na prevenção da progressão do glaucoma.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Rabbits , Benzalkonium Compounds/pharmacology , Ophthalmic Artery/drug effects , Preservatives, Pharmaceutical/pharmacology , Prostaglandins F, Synthetic/pharmacology , Vascular Resistance/drug effects , Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology , Bimatoprost/pharmacology , Blood Flow Velocity/drug effects , Glaucoma/prevention & control , Ophthalmic Artery , Prostaglandins F/pharmacology , Random Allocation , Reference Values , Reproducibility of Results , Travoprost/pharmacology , Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
5.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 48(4): 332-338, 4/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-744362

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to study the effects of exercise training (ET) performed by rats on a 10-week high-fructose diet on metabolic, hemodynamic, and autonomic changes, as well as intraocular pressure (IOP). Male Wistar rats receiving fructose overload in drinking water (100 g/L) were concomitantly trained on a treadmill for 10 weeks (FT group) or kept sedentary (F group), and a control group (C) was kept in normal laboratory conditions. The metabolic evaluation comprised the Lee index, glycemia, and insulin tolerance test (KITT). Arterial pressure (AP) was measured directly, and systolic AP variability was performed to determine peripheral autonomic modulation. ET attenuated impaired metabolic parameters, AP, IOP, and ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) induced by fructose overload (FT vs F). The increase in peripheral sympathetic modulation in F rats, demonstrated by systolic AP variance and low frequency (LF) band (F: 37±2, 6.6±0.3 vs C: 26±3, 3.6±0.5 mmHg2), was prevented by ET (FT: 29±3, 3.4±0.7 mmHg2). Positive correlations were found between the LF band and right IOP (r=0.57, P=0.01) and left IOP (r=0.64, P=0.003). Negative correlations were noted between KITT values and right IOP (r=-0.55, P=0.01) and left IOP (r=-0.62, P=0.005). ET in rats effectively prevented metabolic abnormalities and AP and IOP increases promoted by a high-fructose diet. In addition, ocular benefits triggered by exercise training were associated with peripheral autonomic improvement.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Blood Pressure/physiology , Intraocular Pressure/physiology , Metabolic Syndrome/prevention & control , Ocular Hypertension/prevention & control , Physical Conditioning, Animal , Sympathetic Nervous System/blood supply , Analysis of Variance , Blood Glucose/analysis , Disease Models, Animal , Femoral Artery/physiology , Fructose/administration & dosage , Glaucoma/prevention & control , Hemodynamics/physiology , Intraocular Pressure/drug effects , Metabolic Syndrome/chemically induced , Metabolic Syndrome/physiopathology , Obesity/physiopathology , Ocular Hypertension/chemically induced , Rats, Wistar , Sympathetic Nervous System/physiology
6.
Rev. Soc. Colomb. Oftalmol ; 48(2): 175-181, 2015. tab.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-916717

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de glaucoma en Colombia por grupos de edad y sexo al año 2005, además de su contribución a la discapacidad visual. Métodos y Materiales: se tomaron como casos prevalentes de glaucoma los notificados por el estudio de Carga de Enfermedad Colombia CENDEX 2008 (datos año 2005) y como base poblacional los datos demográficos y de discapacidad del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE) para el mismo período. Se estimó la frecuencia del evento por grupos de edad y sexo (prevalencia estandarizada), así como la prevalencia sobre el total de casos de discapacidad visual; los resultados se presentaron en tablas de distribución de frecuencia. Resultados: La prevalencia general de glaucoma en Colombia para el año 2005, fue de 1,1% siendo más común en mujeres (razón de feminidad 2,1:1), contribuyendo al 2,7% del total de discapacidad visual al mismo período. Conclusiones: Se halló la prevalencia de glaucoma en Colombia para el año 2005, por grupos de edad y sexo así como su contribución a la discapacidad visual para el mismo período. Es importante contar con registros actualizados para determinar la prevalencia de esta patología, para así conocer la frecuencia de ésta en la actualidad y su aporte a la discapacidad visual en Colombia. Los resultados de este estudio servirán de partida a quienes diseñen modelos de prevención para el glaucoma como causa prevenible de discapacidad visual.


Objectives: to determine the prevalence of glaucoma in Colombia for 2005 by age and sex groups and its contribution to visual impairment. Methods and materials: prevalent cases were defined as those cases reported with glaucoma by the study Burden of the Diseases in Colombia CENDEX 2008 (2005 data). The population for Colombia for this investigation was defined by the demographics and disability data reported by DANE for 2005. The frequency of the event was estimated by age and sex groups (standardized prevalence), and the prevalence of total cases of visual impairment was also estimated; the results are presented in frequency distribution tables. Results: the overall prevalence of glaucoma in Colombia for 2005 was 1.1%, being more common in women (femininity ratio 2,1:1), contributing to 2.7% of all visual impairment the same period. Conclusions: the prevalence of glaucoma was found in Colombia for 2005, by age and sex groups and its contribution to visual impairment for the same period. It is important to have available updated data in order to determine the prevalence of this pathology, the current frequency and contribution to visual impairment in Colombia. The results of this study will be useful as a starting point to those who design prevention models for glaucoma as a preventable cause of visual impairment.


Subject(s)
Glaucoma/epidemiology , Blindness/prevention & control , Eye Diseases/epidemiology , Glaucoma/prevention & control
7.
West Indian med. j ; 60(4): 459-463, June 2011.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-672811

ABSTRACT

The Barbados Eye Studies have provided the most comprehensive information on the major eye diseases in African origin populations to date. Black Barbadians have among the highest rates of primary open-angle glaucoma (OAG) reported to date in a population-based study (7.0%). Incidence rates of OAG over a nine-year follow-up period were 0.5% per year, and two to five times higher than reported in predominantly Caucasian populations. Risk factors for OAG included older age, male gender, higher intraocular pressure, positive glaucoma family history, in addition to lean body mass and a positive cataract history. Low blood pressure to intraocular pressure relationships were also found to increase OAG risk, suggesting an aetiologic role for low vascular perfusion of the optic nerve. Recent analyses revealed a region on chromosome 2 associated with increased OAG risk, which has potential implications for early diagnosis and treatment. Approximately 50% of Barbadians with OAG were unaware of having the disease in the baseline study and this situation remained unchanged nine years later. Open-angle glaucoma causes painless, irreversible loss of vision and there are clear reasons why screening may be of particular public health importance in high risk African descent populations, given the benefits of early detection and appropriate treatment. There are data that suggest that it would be cost-effective to conduct Open-angle glaucoma screening in Barbados and this has implications for policy and care, with the ultimate aim of reducing glaucoma-related blindness.


Los Estudios Oftalmológicos de Barbados han proporcionado la información más integral sobre las principales enfermedades oculares en las poblaciones de origen africano hasta la fecha. Los barbadenses negros se cuentan entre las poblaciones con tasas más altas de glaucoma de ángulo abierto (GAA) hasta la fecha, según un estudio de base poblacional realizado (7.0%). Las tasas de incidencia de GAA en un período de seguimiento de nueve años, fueron 0.5% por año - de dos a cinco veces mayores que las reportadas predominantemente en poblaciones caucásicas. Los factores de riesgo para el GAA incluyeron los años de edad, el ser varón, el tener presión intraocular alta, y una historia de pruebas positivas de glaucoma en la familia, además pobre masa corporal, y una historia positiva de catarata. Se halló que las relaciones de baja presión sanguínea con respecto a la presión intra-ocular, aumentan el riesgo de GAA, sugiriendo así un papel etiológico a la bajo perfusión vascular del nervio óptico. Recientes análisis revelaron una región en el cromosoma dos, asociada con el aumento de riesgo del GAA, con implicaciones potenciales para un diagnóstico y tratamiento tempranos. Aproximadamente el 50% de los barbadenses con GAA no tenían conciencia de tener la enfermedad en el estudio inicial de partida, y esta situación permanecería invariable nueve años más tarde. El glaucoma de ángulo abierto causa una pérdida sin dolor e irreversible de la visión, y hay razones claras por las que el tamizaje puede revestir particular importancia para la salud pública de poblaciones de ascendencia africana en alto riesgo, dados los beneficios de una detección precoz y un tratamiento adecuado. Hay datos que sugieren que sería costo-efectivo llevar a cabo un tamizaje del GAA en Barbados, lo cual tendría implicaciones tanto en relación con las políticas a seguir cuanto para la atención misma, cuyo objetivo final reducir la ceguera relacionada con el glaucoma.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Glaucoma/epidemiology , Black People/statistics & numerical data , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/epidemiology , Glaucoma, Open-Angle/prevention & control , Glaucoma/prevention & control , Mass Screening , Prevalence , Quality of Life , Risk Factors , West Indies/epidemiology
8.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 22(2): 97-103, 2011. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-613257

ABSTRACT

The central corneal thickness (CCT) is crucial to the estimation of the intraocular pressure (IOP). There are variations among different populations. The objective of the present job was to determine de CCT in a sample of Chilean population. The sample was taken at random from patients attending the office of an ophthalmologist of the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile. The patients age ranged between 15 and 65 years. We discarded patients with IOP over 21 mm Hg, Spherical Equivalent greater than 6 diopters or with ophthalmological local treatment. The CCT was measured using ulotrasonographyc pachymeter. We enrolled 127 patients and analized 253 eyes. The CCT average was 537,70 μm 39.34 um with an standard deviation of 32.09 um. The CCT of the studied population was less than the reported in Spanish populations in USA, greater Japanese and Afro-Americans and less than Europeans and Chinese. It is important to consider the ethnic variation of the CCT in our population regarding its effect in the correction of the IO.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Cornea/anatomy & histology , Glaucoma/prevention & control , Population Groups , Chile
9.
Rev. bioét. (Impr.) ; 18(1)jan.-abr. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-560289

ABSTRACT

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de pesquisa envolvendo amostra de 42 médicos de um serviço de oftalmologia de hospital terciário em Portugal. Foi aplicado um questionário com dez perguntas, destinado a avaliar as atitudes de três grupos de médicos com idades e formação pedagógica distintas, em face da autonomia do doente glaucomatoso. Os dados foram analisados indicando a correlação descritiva por meio do teste de Pearson c2. Resultam três atitudes diferentes com significado estatístico (valor de p<0,05) permitindo considerar a existência de três padrões de comportamento médico, adequados ao grupo etário. A formalização da prática médica à medida que a idade diminui (medicina defensiva) caracterizou o Grupo 1. O respeito pelo doente dominou o Grupo 2. No Grupo 3 prevaleceu a tendência para a medicina paternalista, onde o esclarecimento depende da educação e caráter do médico. Conclui que a conduta dos médicos remonta ao momento em que iniciaram a atividade profissional, à cultura médica predominante no período e à formação bioética.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bioethics , Practice Patterns, Physicians'/trends , Glaucoma/prevention & control , Ophthalmology/education , Personal Autonomy , Professional Autonomy , Cross-Sectional Studies , Tertiary Healthcare
11.
IRCMJ-Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal. 2009; 11 (1): 10-17
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-91522

ABSTRACT

Nutrition is a subject of interest in many fields of medicine. So ophthalmologists have also attempted to find possible ways to preserve vision through diet and supplements. Ocular disorders such as cataracts, age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma are the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness in the world, so most of the studies have focused on these major disorders and nutritions containing antioxidant such as vitamin C and E. Zexanthin/luteins and omega 3 have been the main substances studied in this relation. Although benefits of the regimens with high amounts of antioxidants were observed in reducing progression of cataract, agerelated macular degeneration and so on, as many of these studies have been observational, the cause and effect relationship cannot be definitely concluded and multiple cohort prospective studies will be desired to evaluate the exact role of nutrition. Somehow, a healthy diet which means the diet which increases our health can be achieved in regimens with low saturated fatty acids and rich in fresh fruits, vegetables and fish. On the whole, even though they may not affect disease progression, they are generally good for overall health


Subject(s)
Humans , Dietary Supplements/statistics & numerical data , Vision, Ocular/drug effects , Vision, Low/etiology , Vision, Low/prevention & control , Antioxidants , Ascorbic Acid , Vitamin E , Lutein , Fatty Acids, Omega-3 , Cataract/prevention & control , Macular Degeneration/prevention & control , Glaucoma/prevention & control
12.
Cienc. enferm ; 14(1): 17-22, jun. 2008.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-494885

ABSTRACT

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo evidenciar un problema de salud emergente relacionado con el envejecimiento de la población: adultos mayores aquejados de glaucoma. Esta pérdida sensorial crónica conducente a ceguera irreversible posee devastadoras repercusiones, desconocidas principalmente por la población afectada. Sumado a lo anterior, no existe claridad acerca de la magnitud del problema en nuestro país en relación a los requerimientos de cuidado ante esta pérdida, los factores que afectan las conductas de autocuidado ocular y las repercusiones en la calidad de vida personal y familiar. Esta situación se traduce en un llamado urgente a las(os) enfermeras(os) como responsables directos del cuidado y agentes de autocuidado de la población a su cargo.


The purpose of this paper is to evidence an emerging health problem related to the aging of the population: elderly suffering from glaucoma. This chronic sense loss leading to irreversible blindness causes devastating consequences, mainly unknown by the affected population. Moreover, there is no clarity about the magnitude of the problem in our country, in what concerns the care requirements to cope with this loss, the factors that affect the eye self care behaviour, as well as the impact in the quality of life. This situation means an urgent call for nurses, as direct responsible actors in the care and self care agents for the population in charge of.


Subject(s)
Humans , Self Care , Population Dynamics/statistics & numerical data , Glaucoma/prevention & control , Quality of Life , Chile , Blindness , Nurses
13.
Rev. medica electron ; 29(4)jul.-ago. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-488381

ABSTRACT

La ceguera por glaucoma ocupa una de las tres primeras causas de ceguera en el mundo. En nuestra provincia en los asociados a la ANCI ocupa el 27 por ciento.Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y prospectivo mediante pesquisaje activo por muestreo aleatorio simple para detectar ¨casos¨ con glaucoma o ¨sospechosos¨, con el objetivo de realizar diagnóstico precoz y evitar la ceguera de no ser diagnosticados a tiempo. Se les realizó examen oftalmológico valorando Antecedentes Patológicos Personales y Antecedentes Patológicos Familiares, fondo de ojo, tonometría y pericampimetría a una muestra predeterminada. Se les detectaron factores de riesgo (herencia, presión intraocular elevada, hipertensión arterial, diabetes Mellitus) Se analizaron las variables demográficas y las de riesgo de importancia en esta problemática. Se concluye una elevada incidencia de glaucoma, sobre todo cuando se estudian las familias con esta enfermedad.


The glaucoma is one of the first causes of blindness in the world. In our province, its incidence among the associated to the National Association of Blinds is 27 %. We developed a prospective descriptive study through active enquiring by simple blind sampling to detect “cases” or “suspected cases” of glaucoma, with the objective early diagnose them and avoiding blindness diagnosing them on time. We made ophthalmologic examination, valuing the personal pathologic antecedents and the familiar pathologic antecedents, fundus oculi, tonometry and pericampimetry to a predetermined sample. We detected some risk factors (heritage, high intraocular pressure, high blood tension, and diabetes mellitus). We analysed the demographic and risk variables of importance in this disease. We concluded that there is a big incidence of glaucoma, especially when families affected with it are studied.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Fundus Oculi , Glaucoma/prevention & control , Hypertension/complications , Intraocular Pressure , Tonometry, Ocular/methods
14.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 59(3): 660-664, jun. 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-461143

ABSTRACT

Avaliaram-se efeitos da dorzolamida do timolol e da combinação de ambos sobre pressão intra-ocular (PIO) de cães normais, além de alterações no olho contralateral, não-tratado. Foram utilizados 60 cães sadios, distribuídos em três grupos (G) de 20 animais. No primeiro grupo (GT), foi avaliada a ação do maleato de timolol 0,5 por cento na PIO; no segundo (GD), a ação do cloridrato de dorzolamida 2 por cento; e, no terceiro (GTD), o efeito da associação fixa timolol/dorzolamida. A PIO foi aferida utilizando-se tonômetro de aplanação (Tonopen®), uma hora antes e uma, duas, quatro, seis e oito horas após a instilação do colírio em análise no olho esquerdo. O efeito da associação timolol/dorzolamida foi mais intenso (27 por cento) que os efeitos do timolol (21,9 por cento) e da dorzolamida (22,4 por cento) na redução da PIO. No olho contralateral, verificou-se redução de 7 por cento no GT, 13,8 por cento no GD e 13,6 por cento no GTD, após quatro e duas horas da administração.


The efficacy of timolol maleate, dorzolamide hydrochloride and the association of both drugs on intraocular pressure (IOP) of healthy dogs was evaluated. Sixty adult dogs were randomly and equally assigned to three groups (n= 20 per group). Each group received topical treatment in the left eye with timolol maleate 0.5 percent, dorzolamide hydrochloride 2 percent or the association of both drugs. IOP measurements were made using aplanation tonometry (Tono-pen®) and they were performed one hour before (baseline) and at one, two, four, six and eight hours after treatment. Similar measurements were also performed in the right eye. In the treated eye, there was a higher reduction in IOP in animals that received the drugs association, 27 percent of maximum decrease from baseline as compared to timolol (decrease of 21.9 percent) and dorzolamide (decrease of 22.4 percent). In the non-treated eye, IOP decreased over time, with a maximum decrease from baseline of 7.0 percent, 13.8 percent and 13.6 percent in the timolol, dorzolamide e timolol/dorzolamide treatments, respectively.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Glaucoma/prevention & control , Glaucoma/veterinary , Intraocular Pressure , Timolol/pharmacology , Timolol/therapeutic use , Drug Combinations
15.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 67(5): 785-790, set.-out. 2004. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-388903

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Verificar conhecimentos de pacientes portadores de glaucoma em relação a sua afecção, com a finalidade de obter subsídios para auxiliar a relação médico-paciente e estimular a observância do tratamento. MÉTODOS: No Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual do município de São Paulo, Brasil, foi realizado estudo transversal analítico aplicando-se questionário estruturado, com base em estudo exploratório e submetido a teste prévio para avaliação do nível conhecimento em relação ao glaucoma. A variável "auto-avaliação do conhecimento" foi mensurada por escala ordinal (sabe bem, sabe mais ou menos, sabe mal e nada sabe). RESULTADOS: A população foi constituída por 405 pacientes portadores de glaucoma; 72,6 por cento do sexo feminino; idade média 66,2 anos; 54,3 por cento cursaram até o ensino fundamental. Os resultados revelaram: dos que sabem bem sobre o controle da doença, 95, 8 por cento declararam terem recebido explicações (p < 0,000); houve maior proporção (46,9 por cento) de pacientes que afirmaram "saber mais ou menos" quando comparado com os demais grupos, porém aqueles com maior escolaridade referiram maior conhecimento quando comparado aos com menor escolaridade (p < 0, 000); em relação às fontes de informação sobre glaucoma 49,9 por cento mencionaram unicamente o oftalmologista. CONCLUSAO: O conhecimento dos pacientes em relação ao glaucoma foi relacionado às explicações recebidas e ao nível de escolaridade. Este estudo confirma a necessidade da manutenção de orientações, divulgação continuada de informações sobre prevenção e tratamento de glaucoma, nos consultórios e na comunidade, para melhora do prognóstico visual.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Blindness/prevention & control , Glaucoma/prevention & control , Glaucoma/therapy , Hospitals, Public , Patient Education as Topic , Public Health/education , Health Centers , Cross-Sectional Studies
17.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 54(12): 7-18, dez. 1995. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-280023

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência dos variáveis sexo, raça, técnica de dissecaçäo da conjuntiva (base límbica ou fórnice) idade e nível da pressäo ocular pré-operatória no prognóstico das trabeculectomias, realizadas em pacientes portadores de glaucoma primário do adulto considerando diferentes níveis de pressäo no pós-operatório. Os resultados das trabeculectomias realizadas em 93 olhos de 72 pacientes foram analisados, verificou-se que a taxa de sucesso obtida foi de 86,0 por cento, quando considerou como critério para sucesso cirúrgico pressäo ocular menor ou igual a 21 mmHg; por outro lado, a taxa de sucesso obtida foi de 55,9 por cento quando se considerou como critério para sucesso pressäo ocular pós-operatória menor ou igual a 15 mmHg.


Subject(s)
Humans , Glaucoma/complications , Glaucoma/prevention & control , Glaucoma/rehabilitation , Glaucoma/surgery , Prognosis , Risk Factors , Trabeculectomy , Trabeculectomy/adverse effects
19.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 51(4): 29-37, 1992. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-124305

ABSTRACT

Os autores apresentam suas experiências com o estudo e aplicaçäo da sensibilidade ao contraste, bem como fazem referência a um novo equipamento computadorizado para realizaçäo dos testes. Eles sugerem uma nova forma de avaliaçäo da funçäo visual, referem a simplicidade do manuseio do equipamento e expöem a metodologia usada


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Adolescent , Equipment and Supplies/trends , Photic Stimulation/instrumentation , Light , Visual Acuity/classification , Brazil , Diabetes Mellitus/prevention & control , Glaucoma/prevention & control
20.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 54(6): 251-61, 1991. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-128715

ABSTRACT

Foram avaliadas a eficácia como agente hipotensor ocular e a segurança do colírio de maleato de timolol a 0,5//, em 34 indivíduos portadores de hipertensäo ocular ou glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto, por 12 semanas. Os resultados obtidos mostraram equivalência das duas drogas como agentes hipotensores oculares, nos diferentes momentos de estudo. A soluçäo de hidrocloreto de carteolol a 2//, assim como a de maleato de timolol a 0,5//, näo mostrou efeitos colaterais locais ou cardiovasculares


Subject(s)
Humans , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/analysis , Carteolol/analysis , Glaucoma/prevention & control , Ocular Hypertension/prevention & control , Timolol/analysis , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/therapeutic use , Carteolol/therapeutic use , Ocular Hypertension/complications , Timolol/therapeutic use
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